Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

　　A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many _10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

　　But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the _12_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

　　These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.

　　1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

　　【答案】C

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为C。动词词义辨析。作家学者警示人们技术会代替人类劳动。boast吹嘘、自负。deny否认。ensure确保。warning警示，警告。

　　2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案为A。上下文理解。根据后文富人会拥有所有资产，贫困地区也会扎堆，可以看出此处想表达不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不稳定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不确定性。

　　3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案为D。词义辨析。policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution决心，prediction预测。该句意为：另外一种预测认为……。

　　4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

　　【答案】A

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为A。动词词义辨析。该句意为未来社会的特点是无目的性。

　　5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

　　【答案】B

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为B。词义辨析，上下文理解。没有了工作富裕生活的意义，人们会变得懒散沮丧。其他几项不符合题意。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

　　【答案】B

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为B。考查副词。Indeed实际上，那些失业者生活并不美好。

　　7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

　　【答案】C

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为C。上下文理解。前面提到失业的美国人在和工作的美国人做对比。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案为A。词义辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康问题等是因为没有工资待遇较好的工作，这就解释了原因问题。Explanation符合题意。

　　9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

　　【答案】D

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为D。介词辨析。没有受到良好教育的中年人中间这些问题比较严重。

　　10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案为C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worry about担心，leave behind丢弃，使落后make up 组成，set aside 留出，把……放在一旁。该句意为这就是为什么人们担心未来无工作的无聊。

　　11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

　　【答案】C

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为C。副词词义辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically统计地，occasionally偶然地，economically经济上地。该句想表达并不必然的意思。

　　12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

　　【答案】B

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为B。理解上下文。前面说没有工作会导致不安，这些观念是来源于在职业概念的社会中失业的消极面。

　　13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

　　【答案】A

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为A。固定搭配。In absence of 缺乏，in height of 在…高度，in face of 面临，in course of 在…中。该句意为如果没有工作，也就是in absence of job。

　　14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

　　【答案】D

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为D。动词词义辨析。没有工作的社会能为人们带来放松。Yield 有获得，带来的意思，disturb打扰，妨碍，restore恢复，交还，exclude排斥

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案为C。词义辨析。根据后面工作的缺点可以推测此处想表达工作的优点被过分夸大了。virtue优点，好处。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案为D。词义辨析和上下文理解。休闲时间对工作人来说相对较少。

　　17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案为A。词义辨析。闲暇时间来平衡人们的智力和情感需求。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

　　【答案】B

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为B。词义理解。下班回到家感觉到疲惫。Starved饥饿的。

　　19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

　　【答案】D

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　【解析】答案为D。固定搭配和介词使用。Throw into投身于，throw off摆脱，throw against扔掉，throw behind抛开。投身到自己的爱好之中。

　　20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案为B。词义辨析。一些需要专业技能的项目。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

　　1.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has______.