the用法归纳

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　归纳指归拢并使有条理，也指一种推理方法，由一系列具体的事实概括出一般原理。下面是小编整理的the用法归纳，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　the用法归纳1

　　一、根据主语辨析

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　虽然三者均可表示“花费”，但所用主语不同：take的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)，也可以是人;spend的主语只能是人，不能是事或物;cost的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it)，不能是人。如：

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　It took me an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了一个小时。

　　I spent an hour writing the letter.(译文同上)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　The letter took me an hour (to write)(译文同上)

　　The computer cost (me) $2000.这台电脑花了(我) 2000美元。

　　It costs $1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。

　　I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一整天找你。

　　注：若cost不是表示“花费”，而是表示客观地或被动地“耗费”，则也可用人作主语。如：Smokers cost them a lot of money every year.抽烟的`人每年要耗费他们不少钱。

　　二、根据宾语辨析

　　take的宾语通常是时间，cost的宾语通常是钱，而spend的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如：

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去车站花了她两小时。

　　He spends much time (money) on books.他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱?

　　注：cost有时也用于时间，但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如：Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　按传统语法，take的宾语通常是时间，但在现代英语中，用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱。

　　三、根据句型辨析

　　从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为：

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　it costs (sb) money to do sth做某事花某人多少钱。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　sb spends time (money) on sth某人在某一方面花多少钱。

　　sth costs (sb) money某物花某人多少钱。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth某人在做某事方面花多少钱。

　　it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth做某事花某人多少时间或钱。

　　sth takes sb time (money) to do某事花某人多少时间或钱去做。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　sb takes time (money) to do某人花多少时间或钱去做某事。

　　the用法归纳2

　　一、定义：

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　eg: 其中划线部分为定语从句。

　　二、分类：

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 (限制性定语从句)(非限制性定语从句)(间隔性定语从句)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。

　　限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。

　　三、构成：

　　定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。

　　eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, 引导词为：that， 定语从句为：that are built close to each other

　　四、基本原则

　　定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。)

　　五、定语从句中常见考点：

　　考点一.关系代词和关系副词的辨别

　　1.关系代词that(人、物)，which(物)、who(m)(人)、whose(某人的，某物的)、as。

　　2.关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　注：关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构(即：关系副词=介词+关系代词)。eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　3.怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能，用关系代词;不能，用关系副词.

　　Eg.I will never forget the day定从中动词spent 与先行词

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　the day 构成spent the day ,所以用关系代词that或which或省略)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副词。

　　eg:

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　①This is the factory ____ made cars .(缺少主语，所以用关系代词that 或which，作主语不能省略)

　　②This is the reason _______ he was late for school.(定语从句he was late for school 表

　　达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why 或介词+关系代词for which) 注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　考点二.定从中that 与which的区别

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　1.关系代词只用that的情况。

　　(1)当先行词为不定代词(all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等)或先行词被不定形容词(all、many、some、few、little等)修饰时。 that you want to say for yourself?

　　(2)当先行词既有人又有物时。 that you are talking about.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(3)当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。

　　eg: ① will go to Beijing.

　　②(4)当先行词被only、very、next、last等修饰时。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　that I’m looking for.

　　(5)在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。 that you lost?

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 that it used to be.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　2.关系代词只用which的情况。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。

　　eg:He turned to be a very successful man,(2)在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用which。

　　eg:This is the question they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。

　　eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　3.指人时，关系代词只用who(m)的情况。

　　(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当“介词+关系代词(宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。 (3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。

　　eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class..

　　(4)在There be句型结构中，先行词指人时。

　　eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.

　　考点三：as的用法及as与which的区别

　　1.as引导的定语从句

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(1)as常用于固定搭配中：the same...as，such…as，as/so…as

　　eg:①比较：Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.

　　注意：第一句是定语从句，所以定从中没有出现与先行词city 意义上一致的词，第二句是状语从句，that 后应为完整句子，所以it 不能省略。

　　②同样的但不是同一辆)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　比较：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .(同一件衣服)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　(2)as常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.

　　2.在非限制性定语从句中，as与which的区别

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　⑴指代整句话内容时，as可位于主句前面、中间或后面;而which一般位于主句后。另外，which还可指代一个名词或一个短语。

　　eg①: As we all know,Tom is a good boy.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　②：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　③：She doesn't think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.(which指代上文整个句子)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　⑵.aswhich没有，

　　eg: ①He succeeded this time,as had been expected.

　　②She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy.

　　③As we all know,knowledge changes life.

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　考点四.定从中所属关系的表达

　　whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+of which/whom=of +which/whom+the+n(s)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　考点五.定从中动词形式与先行词的一致

　　eg: ①②③

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　考点六.the way作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用in which/that/省略。

　　eg:I don’t like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me.

　　考点七.介词+关系代词

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　在这种结构中，关系代词表示人,只能用whom ;关系代词表示物,只能用which。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　怎样选择正确的介词

　　1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：

　　① This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan.(spend money on sth.为固定搭配)

　　② This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan.(pay money for sth.为固定搭配)

　　2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：

　　① I remember the day on which I graduated from high school.(强调在具体某一天要用介词on)

　　② I remember the days during which I lived in Russia.(强调在某几天时间内要用介词during)

　　③ I remember the month in which I got along with Tom(在month前介词要用in)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　3.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?(write ...for the article)

　　4.根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。

　　①The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness .( be happy with "对表示满意") 老板对其不满意的'那个秘书将由于她粗心而被解雇。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　②He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.( be familiar with 对...熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　5.有些“动词+介词”的固定词组不可拆开用

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　常见的动词词组有：look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of，hear from, deal with,

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　get through,pay attention to等。 Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(错误)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　6.“不定代词both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither等 +of whom 或of which，表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　eg: ①(很多苹果中有一些是红色)

　　比较：I have many apples and some of them are bad .

　　②比较：He has three children but none of them is kind to him .

　　7.“介词+which+to do”作定语的情况

　　介词+which+to do作定语相当于介词+which引导定语从句。其中定语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有情态动词。

　　eg:①Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which to produce the workings of his own hands.

　　(=Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which he could produce the workings of his ownhands.)

　　②He has no house in which to live.(=He has no house in which he can live.)

　　8.“介词+where”引导的定语从句的情况

　　有时候，我们可以见到“介词+where”引导定语从句的情况。此时，where代替的是表示地点的介词短语。

　　eg:You can look out of the window,from where you get a good view.(其中where=out of thewindow)

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　考点八：定从句与短语的转化

上海龙凤1314 shlf　　1.The girl (who is )dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的女孩刚从北京回来。

　　2.I love the stories (which were) written by Mary .我喜欢玛丽写的故事。