上海龙凤1314 shlf

初中英语语法总结

时间:2022-11-03 22:44:41 赛赛 英语语法 我要投稿
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初中英语语法总结

  总结就是把一个时间段取得的成绩、存在的问题及得到的经验和教训进行一次全面系统的总结的书面材料,它可以帮助我们总结以往思想,发扬成绩,不如我们来制定一份总结吧。总结怎么写才是正确的呢?以下是小编收集整理的初中英语语法总结,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

初中英语语法总结

  初中英语语法总结 篇1

  实义动词与非实义动词

上海龙凤1314 shlf  【—:实义动词与非实义动词】下面是对英语中实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解,希望同学们很好的掌握。

  实义动词与非实义动词

上海龙凤1314 shlf  根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如:

上海龙凤1314 shlf  He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

  He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词,read为实意动词)

  He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)

  上面对实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解学习,相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们考试成功。

  辅导之构词法

  【—辅导之构词法】关于构词法的英语语法知识,希望同学们认真学习。

  构词法

  英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

  2、派生法:

  (1)派生名词:

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ①动词+er/or

  ②动词+ing

  ③动词+(t)ion

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ④形容词+ness

  ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

  (2)派生形容词

  :①名词+y

  ②名词+ful

  ③动词+ing/ed

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ④friendly

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ⑤dangerous

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ⑥Chinese; Japanese

  ⑦English

  ⑧French

  ⑨German

上海龙凤1314 shlf  ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

  (3)派生副词:

  ①形容词+ly

  ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  3、转换法:

  (1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的')→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

  (2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

  (3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

  (4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

  (6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

  一般过去时用法的语法

上海龙凤1314 shlf  【—一般过去时用法的】一般过去时表示在过去确定的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或者是在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。

  1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

  时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

  Where did you go just now?

  2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

  Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

  3)句型:

  It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

  It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"

  It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

  It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'

上海龙凤1314 shlf  I'd rather you came tomorrow.

  4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

  比较:

上海龙凤1314 shlf  一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  Christine was an invalid all her life.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (含义:她已不在人间。)

  Christine has been an invalid all her life.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (含义:她现在还活着)

  Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

  Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

  ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

上海龙凤1314 shlf  注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

  1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

  Did you want anything else?

上海龙凤1314 shlf  I wondered if you could help me.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  2)情态动词 could, would.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  Could you lend me your bike?

  一般过去式与一般现在时所表示的很相像,但一个表示过去,一个表示的是现在所发生的。

  need语法

上海龙凤1314 shlf  【—need】didn't need to do的意思是过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。而needn't have done则表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。

  初中英语语法大全:need "不必做"和"本不该做"

  didn't need to do表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  needn't have done表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

  John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。

  John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)

  典型例题

上海龙凤1314 shlf  There was plenty of time. She ___.

  A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried

上海龙凤1314 shlf  答案D。needn't have done. 意为 "本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。

  Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。

  初中英语语法总结 篇2

  一、语态概述

上海龙凤1314 shlf  英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  例如:Many people speak Chinese.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。

  二、被动语态的构成

上海龙凤1314 shlf  被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

  一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken

  一般过去时:was/were+spoken

  一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken

上海龙凤1314 shlf  现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken

上海龙凤1314 shlf  过去进行时:was/were being+spoken

  现在完成时:have/has been+spoken

  过去完成时:had been + spoken

  三、被动语态的用法

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

  例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

  This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

  (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

  例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

  This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

  四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:

  All the people laughed at him.

  He was laughed at by all people.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  They make the bikes in the factory.

  The bikes are made by them in the factory.

  He cut down a tree.

  A tree was cut down by him.

  五、含有情态动词的被动语态

  含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+be+过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。

上海龙凤1314 shlf  We can repair this watch in two days.

  This watch can be repaired in two days.

  They should do it at once.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  It should be done at once.

  六、特殊情况

  1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

上海龙凤1314 shlf  The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

  2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

  I am never let to watch TV by mother.

  3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

  (1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

  (2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

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