上海龙凤1314 shlf初中英语基础语法6-介词
介词上海龙凤1314 shlf 七、介词
上海龙凤1314 shlf (一)表示时间的介词
(1)at
①接具体时间:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve
②表示“在…时刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight
(2)in
①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”;
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005
②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后”
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.
(3)on
上海龙凤1314 shlf 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th
(二)固定搭配的介词
(1)动词+介词:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On
(2)介词十名词:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,
in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure
上海龙凤1314 shlf (3)be+形容词+介词:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for
连词
八、连词(conj.用来连接词与词或句与句
(1)并列连词(用来连接平行的词、词组或分句)
上海龙凤1314 shlf ①表并列关系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and
上海龙凤1314 shlf ②表选择关系:or,either……or
③表转折关系:but,while
上海龙凤1314 shlf ④表因果关系:for,so
(2)从属连词(用来引导从句)
①引导时间状语从句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as
上海龙凤1314 shlf ②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since
③引导目的状语从句:so that,in order that
④引导结果状语从句:so that,so…that,such……that
⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as
⑥引导宾语从句:that,if, whether
动词
九、动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态
上海龙凤1314 shlf (一)动词的种类。
(1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.She wears a uniform.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg :She can dance.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (3)连系动词like-v.接表语。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (4)助动词aux——V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg, DO you like pandas?
上海龙凤1314 shlf He has gone to Australia.
上海龙凤1314 shlf She is looking at the cat.
(5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。
上海龙凤1314 shlf Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
上海龙凤1314 shlf Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
(二)情态动词的用法
[1]can,could,may的用法
上海龙凤1314 shlf l .can/could
上海龙凤1314 shlf (1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能、能够、会”(could表过去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
上海龙凤1314 shlf She could swim when she was four years old.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
上海龙凤1314 shlf (3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
上海龙凤1314 shlf (4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must,might,could等)
上海龙凤1314 shlf cg.it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。
上海龙凤1314 shlf Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?
2.may/might
(1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?
(2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。
[2]can与be able to的区别
1.两者都可以用来表示能力。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
上海龙凤1314 shlf 2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.
4.can与be able to;不能重复使用
eg.他能做好这件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
上海龙凤1314 shlf He can do it well.(√)
He is able to do it well.(√)
(三)must与have to的区别
1.主客观方面不同。
must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的必要。
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。)
上海龙凤1314 shlf He must beat home before supper.(他晚饭前一定在家。)
2.人称和时态不同。
must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to.另外,have to还可与,情态动词和助动词连用。
eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
上海龙凤1314 shlf The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意义不同。
must not=mustn’t“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”
上海龙凤1314 shlf eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。
上海龙凤1314 shlf We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。
上海龙凤1314 shlf 在对May I…? 作否定回答时用No, you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t
上海龙凤1314 shlf 4.疑问式及回答不同。
上海龙凤1314 shlf Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn’t.
助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?
Yes,主语+助动词。/No,主语+助动词+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.